Healthy eating scores

See how closely a day of eating matches Canada's Food Guide across ten components, with plain-language results.

Healthy Eating Food Index

A score for how closely a day of eating lines up with Canada's Food Guide. Six things the Guide encourages add to your score, four nutrients worth moderating can pull it down. The total runs from 0 to 80.

Researchers may know this measure as HEFI-2019 (Brassard et al. 2022).

HEFI is built for a full day of eating. A single meal gives a rough sense of direction, not a verdict on your diet. There is no pass or fail score. The number is most useful when you read it against the range of Canadian eaters, shown below.

Four ways to get a score

Pick the one that fits what you have in front of you, from a quick look at one food to a whole day of eating.

How to read your score

There is no “healthy” line to clear. The score makes more sense when you hold it next to the range of Canadian eaters from the 2015 national survey. The median Canadian sits at 43, the top one percent reach 63, and almost nobody hits 80.

22
1st percentile
Very low adherence
35
25th percentile
Below the median
43
50th percentile
Median Canadian
51
75th percentile
Above the median
63
99th percentile
Top of the distribution

What the score looks at

Ten things, grouped into the six that earn points and the four that can cost them. Together they add up to 80.

Earns pointsSix things the Food Guide encourages

Vegetables and fruit

How much of what you eat is whole vegetables and fruit.

20
max pts

Whole-grain foods

Whether whole-grain foods show up in the day at all.

5
max pts

Whole grains as a share of grains

When you eat grains, how often they are the whole-grain kind.

5
max pts

Protein foods

Whether the day includes enough foods that count as protein sources.

5
max pts

Plant proteins

How often your protein comes from plants like beans, lentils, tofu, and nuts.

5
max pts

Recommended drinks

Whether what you drink leans toward water, plain milk, and unsweetened plant beverages.

10
max pts
Can cost pointsFour nutrients worth moderating

Fat balance

The balance between unsaturated fats (from things like fish, nuts, and oils) and saturated fats (from butter, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy).

5
max pts

Saturated fat share

How much of the day’s calories come from saturated fat.

5
max pts

Free sugars share

How much of the day's calories come from sugars that were added to a food or freed up by processing, like the sugar in fruit juice or syrup.

10
max pts

Sodium relative to calories

How salty the day is for the calories it provides.

10
max pts
Total: 80 points. The top one percent of Canadians reach about 63.

Where the foods come from

Every food you score is drawn from a real food composition database. The Canadian Nutrient File is the one HEFI was built against, so it stays the home base. The West African Food Composition Table fills in foods the Canadian database does not cover. When a West African food shows up in your meal, the researcher view flags the small differences in how it was measured, so nothing slips by unnoticed.

Home base
Canadian Nutrient File
5,691 foods from Health Canada. HEFI was developed and tested against the Canadian eating data this database supports.
Extension
FAO/INFOODS WAFCT 2019
1,028 West African foods. Small measurement differences are shown clearly when one of these foods is in your meal.
Planned
More regional tables
Additional composition tables will plug in the same way.

What HEFI is not

  • Not a health prediction. The score tells you how close your eating sits to Canada's Food Guide. It does not tell you your risk for any disease. For a mortality-anchored read, try Food Compass. For a health-life-minutes read, try HENI.
  • Not a single-meal verdict. A high score on one meal does not make for a high-scoring day, and a low-scoring meal can still fit inside a strong day.
  • Not a pass or fail. There is no clinical cutoff. Read your score against the range of Canadian eaters, not against an imaginary perfect 80.
  • Free sugars are estimated. The Canadian database tracks total sugars rather than free sugars, so the score uses total sugars as a stand-in. That tends to be hard on whole fruit, milk, and plain yogurt, where most of the sugar is natural to the food.

Three ways to read every result

The numbers stay the same. The explanation changes depending on who is reading. The everyday view gives you a plain-language read of where your day sits. The researcher view shows each component, the ratios behind it, and the references it draws on. The policy view frames the score for population monitoring and Food Guide implementation work.

Where the science comes from

HEFI-2019 was developed and validated by Didier Brassard and colleagues for Health Canada, with two companion papers in the Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism journal in 2022. The Canadian benchmarks shown above come from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey, which is the same population the score was tuned against.

About healthy eating scores

The Healthy Eating Food Index is the score Health Canada uses to measure how closely the way Canadians eat lines up with the 2019 Food Guide. It works best when you give it a whole day of eating, which is exactly what the 24-hour recall wizard above is built to help you do.